[1] In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. This led to a significant German Army failure at the Battle of Prokhorovka, a major turning point on the Eastern Front against the Soviet Red Army. Fordonsmklarna Blocket, Kpop Groups That Start With Y, Arbetsgivardeklaration Individuppgift, What Happened To Katelyn Thornley, Josh Kesselman Net Worth 2020, How To Install Samsung Notes On Huawei, Finland Immigration For Skilled Workers, Albert Speer Brother Stalingrad, Ambulanshelikopter Pilot Ln, Ortopediska Arbetsskor, Raskatter Omplacering, Ekonomi Och Redovisningsassistent . [28], One of Speer's first commissions after Troost's death was the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg. Albert Speer (n.Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer, 19 martie 1905 d. 1 septembrie 1981) a fost un arhitect german care a fost, pentru o parte din al Doilea Rzboi Mondial, ministrul al narmrii i produciei de rzboi pentru al Treilea Reich.Speer a fost arhitectul preferat al lui Adolf Hitler, nainte de a ocupa posturi ministeriale.i-a asumat responsabilitatea pentru crimele . [77] By July 1943, he had gained control of armaments production for the Luftwaffe and Kriegsmarine. [53] Speer's offices undertook building work for each branch of the military, and for the SS, using slave labor. [105] Speer ended them, though the army continued to blow up bridges. He has risen to the top of the . A scene from 'Rise of the Nazis' Photo: 72 Films. But the children-my two brothers and I-had to use the back stairs. Speer was born in Mannheim, into an upper-middle-class family. It was for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer was principally convicted at the Nuremberg Trials. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. [127], Much of Speer's energy was dedicated to keeping fit, both physically and mentally, during his long confinement. He was not involved in the plot, and played a minor role in the regime's efforts to regain control over Berlin after Hitler survived. [168] Speer also falsely claimed that he had realised the war was lost at an early stage, and thereafter worked to preserve the resources needed for the civilian population's survival. [141] He found himself unable to re-establish a relationship with his children, even with his son Albert who had also become an architect. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. Stars Laurence Olivier Averell Harriman Albert Speer See production, box office & company info Search on Amazon search for Blu-ray and DVD Add to Watchlist 120 User reviews 5 Critic reviews Top rated TV #14 From 1939 on, Speer's Department used the Nuremberg Laws to evict Jewish tenants of non-Jewish landlords in Berlin, to make way for non-Jewish tenants displaced by redevelopment or bombing. [146] So great was the need to believe this "Speer Myth" that Fest and Siedler were able to strengthen iteven in the face of mounting historical evidence to the contrary. I myself must carry this out. Through his autobiographies and interviews, Speer carefully constructed an image of himself as a man who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. It became instrumental in exploiting slave labor for the benefit of the German war effort. This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. Gring was reluctant to grant this. Rereading Albert Speer's "Inside the Third Reich". It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. [51] Speer used forced Jewish labor on these projects, in addition to regular German workers. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. Hello. "[1]:498507, In a 23 August 1970 review published in The New York Times, John Toland wrote that the book "is not only the most significant personal German account to come out of the war but the most revealing document on the Hitler phenomenon yet written. This image dominated his historiography in the decades following the war, giving rise to the "Speer Myth": the perception of him as an apolitical technocrat responsible for revolutionizing the German war machine. This ignored military realities, as the German armed forces were unable to match the Allies' firepower and were facing total defeat. Speer was formally arrested on May 23rd. [42] Shortages of labor meant the construction workers had to work in ten-to-twelve-hour shifts. It takes the reader inside Nazi Germany on four different levels: Hitler's inner circle, National Socialism as a whole, the area of wartime production and the inner struggle of Albert Speer. Speer, Jr., an eighty-two-year-old with a perennially serious expression and a fondness for energetic hand motions, is one of Germany's best-known urban planners. This carried with it the rank of State Secretary in the Reich government and gave him extraordinary powers over the Berlin city government. [107] Speer visited the Fhrerbunker on 22 April for the last time. Most days he was invited to dinner. [29] Speer modified Werner March's design for the Olympic Stadium being built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. [32], On 30 January 1937, Hitler appointed Speer as General Building Inspector for the Reich Capital. [121] There he was known as Prisoner Number Five. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. Supposing politics to be irrelevant, he turned aside and built roads and bridges and factories, while the logical consequences of government by madmen emerged. [66], As Minister of Armaments, Speer was responsible for supplying weapons to the army. [50] In his final statement at Nuremberg, Speer gave the impression of apologizing, although he did not directly admit any personal guilt and the only victim he mentioned was the German people. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. 2. [159], Speer had carefully constructed an image of himself as an apolitical technocrat who deeply regretted having failed to discover the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich. The battle is infamous as one of the largest . [22] Speer quickly became part of Hitler's inner circle; he was expected to call on him in the morning for a walk or chat, to provide consultation on architectural matters, and to discuss Hitler's ideas. It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. Albert Speer Jr., one of the most important German architects and urban planners, died unexpectedly on September 15, 2017 in Frankfurt. [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. With Rutger Hauer, John Gielgud, Maria Schell, Blythe Danner. [63] Other factors probably contributed to the increase more than Speer himself. There's a small road going to the right. [143] David Irving discovered discrepancies between the deceptively edited Chronicle and independent documents. [98] Nevertheless, Speer believed that Germany should continue the war for as long as possible with the goal of winning better conditions from the Allies than the unconditional surrender they insisted upon. "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. From 1946 to 1966, while serving the sentence in Spandau Prison, he penned more than 2,000 manuscript pages of personal memoirs. [151] His daughter, Margret Nissen, wrote in her 2005 memoirs that after his release from Spandau he spent all of his time constructing the "Speer Myth". After serving. His mother died in 1952. [117], Speer was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor and forced labor. The family learned of this through some letters Ernst sent. [45] Kristallnacht accelerated Speer's ongoing efforts to dispossess Berlin's Jews from their homes. The rockets were researched at a facility in Peenemnde along with the V-1 flying bomb. Albert Speer, l'architetto prediletto da Hitler, venne accusato per la deportazione e lo sfruttamento dei civili europei. [129] To make his daily walks around the garden more engaging Speer embarked on an imaginary trip around the globe. Albert Speer. [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. [153] He was well-educated, middle class, and bourgeois, and could contrast himself with those who, in the popular mind, typified "bad Nazis". [179], Little remains of Speer's personal architectural works, other than the plans and photographs. Post Adam Tooze wrote in The Wages of Destruction that the idea that Speer was an apolitical technocrat was "absurd". It is primarily based on the memoirs of Gertraud "Traudl" Junge ( Alexandra Maria Lara ), one of Hitler's secretaries, and is one of the most accurate portrayals of the last, desperate days of the Third Reich and its effects on the Fhrer, his closest aides, and ordinary Germans. [181] The tribune of the Zeppelinfeld stadium in Nuremberg, though partly demolished, can also be seen. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. In his writings, Speer claimed to have finished five thousand books while in prison. This was probably the start of the downfall of the Reich. Among those who pledged support for his sentence to be commuted were Charles de Gaulle and US diplomat George Wildman Ball. Land had been purchased by the end of 1934 and starting in March 1936 the first buildings were demolished to create space at Vostrae. [123] Wolters raised a total of DM158,000 for Speer over the final seventeen years of his sentence. He goes on to say that at the Nuremberg Trial he stated he "had to share the total responsibility for all that had happened", and that he "was inescapably contaminated morally". [36] At the northern end of the boulevard, Speer planned to build the Volkshalle, a huge domed assembly hall over 700 feet (210m) high, with floor space for 180,000 people. [71] Speer and Sauckel cooperated closely to meet Speer's labor demands. [124], The prisoners were forbidden to write memoirs. The Soviet Union, having demanded a death sentence at trial, was unwilling to entertain a reduced sentence. For propaganda Hitler claimed during the topping-out ceremony on 2 August 1938, that he had ordered Speer to complete the new chancellery that year. Speer made no mention of it in the first draft of Inside the Third Reich. In June 1936 he charged a personal honorarium of 30,000 Reichsmark and estimated the chancellery would be completed within three to four years. On 27 January 1938, Speer received plenipotentiary powers from Hitler to finish the new chancellery by 1 January 1939. A brick factory was built near the Oranienburg concentration camp at Speer's behest; when someone commented on the poor conditions there, Speer stated, "The Yids got used to making bricks while in Egyptian captivity". He suffered a stroke and died in London on 1 September. [114], The chief United States prosecutor, Robert H. Jackson, of the U.S. Supreme Court said, "Speer joined in planning and executing the program to dragoon prisoners of war and foreign workers into German war industries, which waxed in output while the workers waned in starvation. [176] Speer is mentioned several times in the speech, and Himmler addresses him directly. By Dorothy . Although survivor Francisco Boix testified at the Nuremberg trials about Speer's visit,[172] Taylor writes that, had the photo been available, he would have been hanged. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. However, his other brother Ernst had died in the Battle of Stalingrad, despite repeated requests from his parents for Speer to repatriate him. [57] Speer succeeded Todt not only as Reich Minister but in all his other powerful positions, including Inspector General of German Roadways, Inspector General for Water and Energy and Head of the Nazi Party's Office of Technology. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. Efforts were made and a search of Ernst's unit ended in failure. he is one of Germany's top architects. Speer's Heidelberg school offered rugby football, unusual for Germany, skiing, and Speer was a participant. "[4] His brothers, Ernst and Hermann, bullied him throughout his childhood. Initially, the funds were used only to support Speer's family, but increasingly the money was used for other purposes. [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. He also cites the use of the V-2 as a terror weapon, rather than continued development of the ground-to-air defensive Waterfall rocket. When asked by his Allied captors in 1945 to what extent German military strategy had been influenced by economic considerations, Albert Speer, Hitler's armaments minister, replied that in the case of OperationBarbarossathe need for oil was certainly a prime motive. Indeed, even during initial discussions of his plan to invade the Soviet Union, Hitler had stressed the absolute necessity of . Albert Speer (fdt Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer den 19. marts 1905 i Mannheim, dd 1. september 1981 i London) var en tysk arkitekt, der under 2. verdenskrig var rustningsminister (Reichsminister fr Bewaffnung und Munition) i Nazi-Tyskland.Lnge inden ministerudnvnelsen havde Speer vret Adolf Hitlers foretrukne arkitekt.. Speer blev medlem af nazistpartiet i 1931. First Architect of the Third Reich. [82] In mid-January 1944, Speer had a lung embolism and fell seriously ill. Albert Speer (1905-1981) was a trained architect. Air attacks on the transport network were particularly effective, as they cut the main centres of production off from essential coal supplies. Speer first heard Adolf Hitler speak during an address to the combined students and faculty of Berlin University and his institute. In 1944, this became endemic; over half a million workers were arrested. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. Speer's father ran one of the more prosperous architecture firms in the area. [120], On 18 July 1947, Speer was transferred to Spandau Prison in Berlin to serve his prison term. 1971. His claim was revealed to be false in a private correspondence written in 1971 and publicly disclosed in 2007. The public was fascinated by an inside view of the Third Reich and a major war criminal became a popular figure almost overnight. Carefully measuring distance travelled each day, he mapped distances to the real-world geography. Speer's joint undertaking with the SS leadership resulted in the creation of Mittelwerk (Central Works) for underground production of the V-2. If Speer, who had been so close to Hitler, had not known the full extent of the crimes of the Nazi regime and had just been "following orders", then they could tell themselves and others they too had done the same. See answer (1) Copy. The film presents original videos from the Nazi Germany period and conversations with Speer, in which the great deception he tried to present at the Nuremberg trials and in his book is revealed.[6]. Fun facts: before fame, family life, popularity rankings, and more. Little remains of his personal architectural work. [55] At the same time, Hitler also appointed Speer as head of the Organisation Todt, a massive, government-controlled construction company. [48] He also said: " en route to my ministry on the city highway, I could see crowds of people on the platform of nearby Nikolassee Railroad Station. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". Having served his full term, Speer was released in 1966. By Thomas Rogers 23 May 2017 Speer was appalled by this order, and persuaded several key military and political leaders to ignore it. [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. Three days later, he also proposed to Hitler that Germany's remaining military resources be concentrated along the Rhine and Vistula rivers in an attempt to prolong the fighting. Speer II is more than an urban planner. He was 76 years old. The large capital investment was not repaid in military effectiveness. Study now. [101], By mid-March, Speer had accepted that Germany's economy would collapse within the next eight weeks. He studied under Bestelmeyer, Billing, and Tessenow, and rose to prominence on the death of Troost, becoming Adolf Hitler's (1889-1945) friend, confidant, and architect from 1934.His interest in archaeology led him to evolve a style of architecture that would be as expressive as anything left by Ancient Rome, and his . Showing 28 distinct works. On 31 January 1931, he also joined the Motor Unit of the SA being a member until autumn 1932. His formal title was changed on 2 September 1943, to "Reich Minister for Armaments and War Production". During the winter of 194142, in the light of Germany's disastrous defeat in the Battle of Moscow, the German leadership including Friedrich Fromm, Georg Thomas and Fritz Todt had come to the conclusion that the war could not be won. August 1, 2017. He later published a work about Himmler and the SS which has been published in English as The Slave State: Heinrich Himmler's Masterplan for SS Supremacy or Infiltration: How Heinrich Himmler Schemed to Build an SS Industrial Empire (in German, Der Sklavenstaat - Meine Auseinandersetzung mit der SS). [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. The house had a studio were Hitler (see Hitler parents) often came to draw his . Despite this opposition, the two married in Berlin on 28 August 1928; seven years elapsed before Margarete was invited to stay at her in-laws' home. First published in 1969, it appeared in English translation in 1970. 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